Mark 10:2–9
“The Pharisees came and asked Jesus, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” testing Him. And He answered and said to them, “What did Moses command you?” They said, “Moses permitted a man to write a certificate of divorce, and to dismiss her.” And Jesus answered and said to them, “Because of the hardness of your heart he wrote you this precept. But from the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female. For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh; so then they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let not man separate.”
In our passage, our Lord is once again debating with the Pharisees, and in particular debating the grounds of divorce. The question they pose to Jesus was a live question among the Jewish teachers of the time.
Jewish law at the time permitted divorce, as the Pharisees go on to say, quoting from Moses in Deuteronomy 24. The question was on what grounds is it permissible—on what grounds is it was lawful. So far as the law was concerned, the matter was somewhat ambiguous. Moses writes in Deuteronomy 24:1 that a man who takes a wife and marries her may write her a certificate of divorce and send her away if it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some uncleanness in her.
The grounds of a lawful divorce in Deuteronomy 24 center on a wife finding no favor in her husband’s eyes because of some uncleanness.
There were two different schools of thought at the time, each taking hold of Deuteronomy 24 at opposite ends. The stricter school, following the teacher Shammai, emphasized the uncleanness part, saying that a man may not divorce his wife unless he found unchastity in her. In other words, unless she was guilty of adultery, of infidelity.
The other school of thought, the more liberal one, following the teacher Hillel, stood at the other extreme. It emphasized the “no favor in his eyes” part, arguing that a man may divorce his wife simply if she has no favor in his eyes anymore. So she burns his toast in the morning—there’s the door. It wasn’t quite a no-fault divorce, but the faults were small and petty, and they turned on the husband’s mood that day.
This was the broader context, the larger debate. The Pharisees hope to pull Jesus into it. They want Him to take a side. But what does He do? He cuts their legs out from beneath them.
The debate centered on Moses in Deuteronomy 24, and the Lord says that yes, that command was given. Divorce was permitted, but as a concession, and as a concession because of the hardness of their hearts. While the Jewish religious authorities were acting like lawyers, quibbling about the letter of the law and how to get around it, Jesus returns us to the heart of the law, to the heart of God’s original design for marriage.
In the beginning of creation, at the very institution of marriage, divorce was never part of the design. God’s design for marriage was a one-flesh union. A man leaves his father and his mother, and he is joined to his wife, and the two become one flesh, so that they are no longer two but one flesh. So Jesus concludes, saying: “Therefore” (not on the basis of Moses’ concession, but on God’s original design) “what God has joined together” (not Moses, not the father and the prospective husband, not the state), “let not man separate.”
Divorce was never part of the plan. Marriage between a man and a woman was never meant to be dissolved. Marriage was designed to be an earthly picture of God’s love and devotion, His union with His people, and His people’s loving devotion to Him. But just as sin broke the one, so also sin breaks the other. The fruit of both—our break with God and our break with our spouse—is devastating. It is misery and sorrow and chaos, and not just for the spouses, but for all involved: the children, and even society at large. Just look around us.
But the good news is this: Jesus came to renew God’s good creation, including mankind, including our marriages. He came to unite us once again to our Maker, renewing covenant with us, and He came to heal the wounds and holes and broken bones in our homes, in our marriages, and in our families.
We try to heal these wounds lightly, or we try to study reasons to make them permanent, to justify and excuse the breaches in our union, as the Jewish authorities did in Jesus’ day. But in Jesus, God has made known His way. Our breaks with God and our breaks with one another need blood: blood and confession, blood and humility, blood and forgiveness.
Let us therefore resolve today to love God’s design for marriage, to strive to glorify and honor and preserve that design in our own homes, and in so doing to join our Lord in renewing and rebuilding the ruins of a society wrecked by the sin of infidelity and spousal treachery, and by the plague of no-fault divorce.
This begins by coming humbly before our God, confessing our own hand in this, and imploring Him for mercy.
Faithlessness of every kind is a great sin. Infidelity toward your spouse, disloyalty toward your brothers and sisters, dishonesty with your coworkers and teachers and clients—all of this is transgression against God, first and foremost. Let us therefore confess to Him our faithlessness so that He might forgive our sin and cleanse us from all unrighteousness.




